Hundreds of makes and models of wheelchairs--which one is right? A therapist would suggest considering physical abilities, the hours each day in the chair, and surfaces over which the chair will travel. Therapists also may map out which pressure points can cause sores and suggest cushion, pressure pads, and get pads to prevent pressure sores. Seating simulators that position one in various positions can also help determine the best seating position and angle. Because body measurements determine the height and depth of the chair's arm rests, seat, and back, using someone else's chair is not such a good idea.
The chairs themselves are usually built of tubular steel or aluminum. Non-folding chairs are good for moving around, while folding chairs are easier to transport. Arms rests can be long to support an entire arm or short to make it easier to pull up to desks and other furniture. Detachable or swing-away arms make transfers and chair transportation easier. Tires inflated like bicycle tires are best for outside use and are more comfortable, but take more maintenance. Solid tires (no air) move better on carpeted floors.
Individuals with poor head and trunk control, substandard circulation, and respiratory problems may want a chair that changes the seat angle to the seat back ("recline"). This type of chair also eases transfers, but causes friction and body slumping in some situations when the chair is moved. Moving the seat back and forth is called "titling" and it puts pressure on the back, not just the seat area. People who cannot sit upright for a long time, have poor posture, or sleep in chairs benefit from a tilt seat.
The standard wheelchair usually weighs more than 40 pounds. Attendants can push it and tip it for moving ease. Sport chairs, also known as ultralight chairs, weigh about 25 pounds. They are similar to standard chairs but the backrest is lower and they may not have push handles. Power chairs are heavy, do not fold, and tend to be wider than standards because of their added equipment. Joysticks typically are used to steer the chair. Batteries need to be charged and last about a year.
Three-wheelers or scooters have three wheels and are often used by people who can walk a short distance. They have rear wheel drive and front wheel steering. They absorb shock well and can go up to four miles an hour. Some can be taken apart for transport. People with amputations, use of only one arm, or who can stand should look into chairs adapted for their special needs.
To make homes wheelchair accessible, add lower shelves, cut out a space under the sink for the wheelchair to roll under, change faucet controls to the front or side, lower counter tops, and have shelves able to roll out or revolve.
Consider adding accessories, too, such as lap trays, arm trays, gloves for pushing, transfer boards, portable wheelchair ramps, safety flags for visibility outside, weather protection covers, seatbelts, attachable shopping bags, etc.
For more information, contact the Center for Assistive Technology, University of Buffalo, 515 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY 14214-3079 or see full report
This research was supported by the National Institute of Disability Rehabilitation Research in the U.S. Department of Education. #240
The Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Aging. (2000). Helpful products for older persons: Wheelchairs and scooters. Buffalo, NY: The Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Aging
Keyword: Technology
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